Category: Archive

Authors: Bagtasos, Cabinatan, Estologa, Galorport, Jabines, Ombina, Sang-an

Paying taxes is an important responsibility because the money collected from taxes helps support different government programs and public services. These may include roads, schools, health services, and other projects that benefit the community. However, even though paying taxes is important, the process can still be stressful, time-consuming, and confusing for some citizens.

For our group activity, we chose tax payment as the government service that we wanted to examine. We know that the Philippine government, particularly the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), already provides digital services for filing and paying taxes. However, we believe that there is still room to improve and connect these services so that tax payment can become easier, faster, and more convenient for citizens.

Problems Citizens May Experience

Although online tax services are already available, some taxpayers may still experience difficulties when using them. One possible problem is having to deal with different platforms, procedures, and payment channels. If taxpayers are not familiar with these systems, they may become confused about where to file, how to pay, or what steps to follow.

Another problem is confusion about the process and requirements. Some taxpayers may not know which forms they need to complete, how much they need to pay, or what documents are required for their transaction. If instructions are unclear, they may need to ask for assistance or visit a government office. Technical problems can also affect the experience of taxpayers. Online systems may sometimes experience errors, maintenance, or interruptions. This can be especially stressful when taxpayers are trying to complete their transactions close to a deadline.

Lastly, taxpayers may want an easier way to monitor their transactions. Even when digital payment is available, having a clear record of whether a payment or filing has been successfully processed is important.These problems may seem simple, but they can affect the overall experience of citizens when using government services.

How Digital Technology Can Improve Tax Payment

Our group believes that digital technology can further improve the existing tax payment system. Instead of creating completely new services, the government can focus on making existing digital services more connected, user-friendly, and reliable.

1. Improve and Integrate Online Tax Services

The BIR already provides online services for tax filing and payment. However, these services can continue to be improved by making the process easier to understand and by connecting important services in one user-friendly platform. For example, taxpayers should be able to easily find information about requirements, procedures, deadlines, filing, payment options, and transaction records. Having these features connected can reduce confusion and make the process easier to follow.

This is an example of a digital government ecosystem, where different digital services work together instead of citizens having to deal with separate and disconnected processes.

2. Make Digital Payments and Electronic Receipts More Convenient

Another improvement is to make existing electronic payment options easier to access and understand. Taxpayers should be given clear instructions on the available approved payment methods and how to use them. After completing a payment, taxpayers should also be able to easily access their electronic confirmation or receipt. This can help reduce the risk of losing paper receipts because citizens can save their digital records and access them whenever they are needed.

3. Improve Status Tracking and Notifications

A status tracking feature can also be helpful. Taxpayers should be able to check whether their tax filing or payment has been received and successfully processed. The system can also send notifications through email or SMS about successful transactions, upcoming deadlines, or important updates. This can help taxpayers stay informed without always needing to visit or contact a government office.Having a reliable tracking system can also improve transparency because taxpayers can see what is happening with their transactions.

4. Provide an Online Feedback and Assistance System

Our group also suggests having an accessible online feedback and assistance system where citizens can ask questions, report problems, or give suggestions about tax services.For example, a taxpayer who experiences a problem with an online payment could report it through the system and receive instructions on what to do next. This would make the service more responsive to the needs of citizens. An online feedback system can also help the government identify common problems and improve its digital services based on the experiences of taxpayers.

Creating Public Value Through Digital Tax Services

The proposed improvements can help promote several important values in public service. First, they can improve transparency because citizens can easily access clear information about the process, requirements, deadlines, and status of their transactions. Second, they can promote accountability through digital records and transaction tracking. Both citizens and government offices can have better documentation of payments and other processes. Third, digital services can improve accessibility and convenience. Citizens may be able to complete more parts of the tax process without always traveling to a government office. This can save time and effort, especially for people who live far from government offices.

However, our group also believes that digital services should not completely replace traditional assistance. Some citizens may have limited internet access, lack digital skills, or experience difficulty using online platforms. Government offices should still provide assistance and alternative ways to access services so that no one is left behind.

Closing Reflection

As a group, we believe that digital government is not simply about putting government services online. The main goal should be to make services easier, faster, clearer, more accessible, and more responsive to the needs of citizens. The Philippines has already taken steps toward digital tax services, but there is still an opportunity to make these services more connected and user-friendly. Through improved online platforms, convenient digital payments, electronic records, status tracking, notifications, and feedback systems, tax payment can become a better experience for both citizens and government offices. At the same time, technology should be used responsibly, with consideration for privacy, security, reliability, and inclusion. Digital government should not only focus on using modern technology but also on solving the actual problems experienced by citizens.In the end, a good digital government system should use technology for a purpose: to provide better public service and create more value for citizens.

Authors: Bagtasos, Cabinatan, Estologa, Galorport, Jabines, Ombina, Sang-an

Public Service Problem

One common problem in public service is long waiting lines in government offices. Citizens often need to spend many hours waiting just to submit documents, ask for information, or complete a simple transaction. Some people also need to travel far and spend money just to visit the office. This can be difficult for students, workers, senior citizens, and people who have limited time. This problem does not only affect citizens. Government employees also experience pressure because many people arrive at the same time. When there are too many clients, the service can become slow, and mistakes can also happen.

Multi-Dimensional Analysis

Citizens

↓

Online Appointment

↓

Digital Information/Forms

↓

Government Staff

↓

Processing

↓

Service

↓

Completion

↓

Citizen Feedback

The main actors are the citizens, frontline employees, office managers, and information technology staff. The important data include appointment details, application forms, processing time, and feedback. The technology includes an online appointment system, digital forms, SMS or email notifications, and a database.

Digital Transformation Proposal

The proposed solution is a Digital Appointment and Service Tracking System.

Instead of requiring citizens to immediately go to the government office and wait in line, they can first check the available schedule online. They can choose an appointment time and fill out basic information before visiting the office. After submitting the request, they can receive a confirmation message.When citizens arrive, they can check in using their appointment number. Government employees can see the list of scheduled clients and process them in an organized order. Citizens can also receive updates about their application through SMS or an online page.

The process will change from:

Visit office → Get a number → Wait for a long time → Submit documents → Wait again → Finish transaction

Into:

Check service online → Book appointment → Prepare documents → Visit at scheduled time → Process transaction → Receive update → Give feedback

The main goal is not only to use technology. The goal is to make the whole service faster, easier, and more organized.

Evidence Plan

To know if the system works, the office should collect data before and after implementation.

Before implementation: The office can measure the current waiting time, processing time, number of people in line, number of complaints, and citizen satisfaction.

After implementation: The office can measure the same indicators and compare the results to determine whether the system improved the service.

The office can compare:

● Average waiting time of citizens

● Average processing time

● Number of people waiting in line

● Number of complaints

● Number of completed transactions

● Number of missed appointments

● Citizen satisfaction ratings

● Number of citizens using online services

● Problems with internet or accessibility

● Privacy and data security concerns

For example, if citizens normally wait for two hours before the system is introduced, the office can check if the waiting time becomes shorter after implementation. Feedback forms can also be used to know if citizens find the new process easier.

Reflection

Digital transformation can improve public service by making the process faster and more organized. It can reduce long lines and help citizens save time and transportation costs. It can also help government employees manage their work better because they can see the number of scheduled clients.

However, the system should still include people who do not have internet access or are not comfortable using technology. Government offices can keep a help desk or provide assisted digital services for them. Privacy must also be protected because the system will handle personal information.

Overall, digital transformation is not simply about using new technology. It is about changing the way public services are delivered. If the government listens to citizens, improves its processes, protects personal information, and uses technology properly, public service can become more accessible, responsive, and useful to everyone.

Authors: Bagtasos, Cabinatan, Estologa, Galorport, Jabines, Ombina, Sang-an

Problem

Getting a barangay certificate usually requires residents to visit the barangay hall, fill out forms, wait in line, and submit their information manually. This can take time, especially when many residents are requesting certificates.

ICT Solution

The barangay can create an online certificate request system. Residents can fill out an online form and submit the needed information. Barangay staff can then check the records, process the request, and notify the resident when the certificate is ready.

ICT Components

• People: Residents, Barangay Secretary, Barangay Officials

• Hardware: Computer, printer, scanner, smartphone.

• Software: Online request form and database.

• Data: Resident information and certificate records.

• Network: Internet/Wi-Fi

• Security: Passwords and verification to protect residents’ information

Service Map

Resident

↓

Accesses Online Certificate Request Form

↓

Fills Out Information and Uploads Requirements

↓

Barangay Staff Receives Request

↓

Staff Checks and Verifies Information

↓

Certificate is Prepared and Approved

↓

Resident Receives Notification

↓

Resident Claims the Certificate / Receives Digital Copy

Reflection

ICT can make barangay certificate processing faster, easier, and more convenient. Residents can submit their requests without spending too much time waiting at the barangay hall. It also helps barangay staff organize records, reduce paperwork, and track requests. With proper security, residents’ information can be protected. Overall, ICT can improve the delivery of barangay services and increase public trust.

Authors: Bagtasos, Cabinatan, Estologa, Galorport, Jabines, Ombina, Sang-an

Updating the PhilHealth Member Data Record (MDR) is an important public service because it allows members to keep their personal information accurate and updated. Information such as a member’s name, address, civil status, contact details, and dependents may need to be changed when there are changes in a person’s circumstances. A simple and organized process is important because incorrect information can cause confusion or delays when members need PhilHealth services.

The updating of an MDR can be understood using the DIKW model, which stands for Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom. First is Data. This includes the member’s personal details, PhilHealth number, address, contact information, civil status, and other necessary information. Supporting documents may also be provided to verify the changes.

The second level is Information. The data becomes useful information when it is organized, checked, and recorded in the PhilHealth system or official records. For example, a member’s new address becomes useful information once it has been properly verified and recorded.

The third level is Knowledge. PhilHealth employees need knowledge of the correct procedures, requirements, and policies for updating member records. They also need to know how to check documents, enter information correctly, and assist members who have questions. Members also use knowledge when they learn what forms and documents are needed for the transaction.

The highest level is Wisdom. This involves using knowledge correctly to make good decisions and provide better public service. PhilHealth personnel must apply the proper procedures while ensuring that member information is accurate and handled responsibly. This helps prevent mistakes and protects the quality of public records.

Several types of knowledge are involved in the process. Explicit knowledge includes forms, written guidelines, requirements, and procedures that employees and members can read and follow. Tacit knowledge comes from the experience of PhilHealth employees. For example, experienced staff may know how to explain complicated requirements clearly or help members who are having difficulty with the process. Institutional knowledge includes PhilHealth’s established policies, procedures, systems, and practices that guide employees in providing the service.

The knowledge flow begins with the member, who provides personal information and supporting documents. PhilHealth staff then use their knowledge and official guidelines to verify the information. The verified information is recorded in the appropriate system or records. The updated MDR can then be provided to the member. This shows that knowledge must be properly collected, checked, stored, and shared throughout the process.

To improve knowledge management, one useful recommendation is to create a simple checklist or process guide for members. It can explain the steps, requirements, and information needed before visiting the office. This can reduce confusion and prevent incomplete submissions. A second recommendation is to maintain an updated FAQ or knowledge repository containing common questions and answers about MDR updating. This can help both members and employees quickly find reliable information.

In conclusion, updating a PhilHealth MDR is more than simply changing information in a record. It involves the proper management and sharing of knowledge among citizens and public employees. We learned that good knowledge management can make public services more organized, understandable, and efficient. When the right information is available to the right people at the right time, both government employees and citizens can benefit from better public service.

Module 1

Author: Alatraca, Ayuban, Cabasag, Jubac, Legitimas, Mindoro, Noroño

The drop/add period is a critical time windows in every academic semester. At Bohol Island State University – Main Campus (BISU-MC), this window gives students a vital opportunity to correct, balance, or adjust their academic tracks. However, the current workflow heavily relies on a hybrid mix of paper approvals and manual digital entries. By analyzing this workflow through a Knowledge Management (KM) lens, the university can pinpoint administrative friction points. Implementing structured KM principles can transform this traditional process into a swift, modern, and stress-free operation for both students and staff.

The administrative journey of adjusting a college schedule provides an excellent case study for the Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. The baseline of this system begins with Data, which consists of isolated strings like student numbers and course codes. When a student organizes these numbers onto an official paper sheet, it converts into actionable Information. Next, the Department Chairperson exercises Knowledge by evaluating if the requested changes align with strict curriculum prerequisites and maximum classroom capacities. Ultimately, Wisdom is applied when the College Dean reviews edge cases, making critical judgment calls to override standard limits for students who need a final class to graduate.

This complex academic ecosystem relies on multiple knowledge formats working in tandem. Explicit knowledge is readily accessible through printed rules, course catalogs, and the physical bulletin board. Tacit knowledge lives within the faculty members, who draw from years of experience to identify schedule conflicts or recommend better elective paths. Finally, organizational knowledge is the administrative muscle memory that enables the Dean’s Office and the Registrar’s Office to collaborate during high-volume periods.

Despite these strengths, a visual knowledge map reveals major structural bottlenecks. The primary issue is information fragmentation. While a student’s schedule exists digitally on the ISMIS database, the authorized approval process remains strictly physical. Students must physically travel between offices to collect ink signatures on paper, then manually modify their ISMIS account, and finally return the paper to the Registrar. This creates a severe lag between paper processing and system updates, leading to confusion regarding true class capacities.

To resolve these systemic inefficiencies, BISU-MC should implement two primary KM interventions. First, the university should replace physical paper tracking with an Integrated ISMIS Process Dashboard. This change upgrades the physical form into an entirely digital ticket. Students can submit their requests online, allowing Chairpersons and Deans to evaluate and sign off with a single click. Second, the administration should deploy a live Class-Slot Knowledge Repository. This public portal displays real-time slot availability, ensuring students do not spend valuable time requesting entry into closed sections.

The ultimate lesson learned from mapping the adding and dropping process is that physical paperwork often isolates valuable institutional knowledge. True institutional efficiency is realized when an organization replaces manual physical pathways with streamlined, digital data pipelines that empower staff and serve students transparent.

Our teacher brought his portable wifi, give us the password and asked the class to connect so we could enter the diagnostics test.
The website took note of who’s switching tabs, attempting to copy and paste, and helps us not use paper since most of our classmates don’t bring paper which is strange at first because this is a school and for most of my life, paper is usually essential
Anyways it was really spooky to know that out technology has advanced in such a way that it can monitor us in real time and pass all of our scores.

On Thursday, July 16, we were waiting at the third floor of the ATB Room for our morning class with Sir Baroro. While we were waiting, we saw Sir Baroro walking hurriedly in the hallway of ATB Room. We immediately called him and asked if he would still have a class that morning.

Sir Baroro explained that they were still busy at the CAS Faculty because they were finalizing some of their work. Since he was occupied with other responsibilities, he did not conduct our usual class. Instead, he asked us about our blog and whether we had already started creating it.
He also informed us that he would remove all the students from WordPress because he would only be handling our block instead of managing all three BPA blocks. He instructed us that once he finished removing the students from WordPress, we would need to register again. This was important so that we could continue accessing and working on our blog.

Before leaving, Sir Baroro also gave us instructions regarding attendance. He said that attendance would be taken that day because he had only seen a few students in the room, and only the students he personally saw should be recorded as present. After giving us these instructions, he left because he had another important matter to attend to.

After Sir Baroro left, our mayor took responsibility for recording the attendance. Some students arrived late, but our mayor still marked them as present even though Sir Baroro had not personally seen them in the room.

On Monday, July 20, only a few students attended Sir Baroro’s class because some of our classmates were excused to attend the Hands-Only CPR Mass Training and Demonstration. Sir Baroro started the class a little late, and we began by discussing Module 1 of Knowledge Management.

The discussion was different from our usual class discussions. The student who read a particular part of the module would choose another classmate to explain or discuss what they had just read. Because of this, many of us felt a little nervous, including me. We did not know when our names would be called, so we had to listen carefully and understand the topic. Despite feeling nervous, our classmates still managed to explain the topics in their own understanding. This made the discussion more interactive because everyone had the opportunity to participate and share their thoughts.

Since Sir Baroro started the class a little late, he extended the class for another hour so we could finish the entire Module 1. Because of the additional time, we were able to discuss all the topics included in the module.

At the end of the class, Sir Baroro asked someone to share their insights about what we had discussed. Surprisingly, I was chosen to give the concluding insights. I was honestly shocked because I was not expecting to be chosen. I also felt nervous because I was feeling sleepy during the discussion, so I was not able to listen and focus properly on some parts of the topic. Because of that, I felt that I was not able to give the best explanation or insight that I could have given.

The experience taught me that participating in discussions requires not only listening but also being prepared to express what we understand. Even though I was nervous, being chosen to share my insights pushed me to step outside my comfort zone. It reminded me that I do not always have to give a perfect answer; what matters is that I try to share what I learned and continue improving my confidence in speaking and participating in class.

On Monday, August 17, 2026, Sir Baroro came into the class and announced that we would take our second exam, which covered Chapter 2 about Information and Communication Technology.

Most of us were shocked by the announcement because we were not expecting to take the exam that day. However, Sir Baroro gave us a few minutes to study and read the provided file. Even though we only had a short time to review, we tried our best to remember the important topics and prepare ourselves for the test.

We took the exam for almost one hour. The test consisted of multiple-choice questions and an essay. Some of our classmates received a warning, similar to what happened during our first test. However, Sir Baroro gave them a chance to continue taking the exam despite being locked out of it.

In conclusion, the exam was a challenging but meaningful experience for us. It reminded us of the importance of being prepared and reviewing our lessons regularly because we may not always know when an exam will be given. It also taught us to stay calm and do our best even when we are given only a short time to prepare.

A game way before cognition started

Concept of equivalent exchange

Condition, Requirements and Quilifications

Cause and effect

Privilege and responsibility

New generation of men and women

Consequential Nature

All about women

All about men

Understanding sex

The reason of empty box in men

The reason of relentlessness in women

Everything on everyone